See Karl Korsch Archive.
Kosmodemyanskaya, Zoya (1923-1941)
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was a Soviet partisan fighter who was executed
by German soldiers following her capture during a night mission in
German occupied territory. Kosmodemayanskaya was subjected to intense
interrogation and brutal torture following her capture, but she
refused to provide any information to her captors regarding the names
or locations of her comrades in the resistance. She was publicly
executed by hanging in the village of Petrischevo. German soldiers
forced villagers to witness the execution and prior to her death,
Zoya was said to have addressed the villagers directly, urging them
to struggle on by shouting: “Here comrades! Why do you look so
gloomy? Fight on, fight on!” And to her executioners, Zoya issued a
warning: “There are two hundred million of us! You can’t hang us all!”
Photos of the execution were discovered some time later on the body
of a dead German officer. Zoya’s body was exhumed from her burial
site in Petrischevo and moved to Moscow. On February 16, 1942, Zoya
Kosmodemyanskaya was posthumously awarded the title of “Hero of the
Soviet Union.” She was the first woman to receive this distinction.
Monuments to Zoya still stand in St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Tambov,
Dorokhov, and Petrischevo.
written by Mike Bessler
Further Reading: Zoya's Story A collection of articles and images related to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (off site)
Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand (1907-1966)
Prof. D. D. Kosambi (as he was usually known) was an outstanding intellectual with a vast range of interests and expertise.
His father was an eminent scholar of Buddhism. After some initial schooling in India and then abroad, young Kosambi was trained in Mathematics, History and Languages at the Harvard University, where his father had taken up a teaching assignment. Subsequently he made his mark as a mathematician, statistician, geneticist, numismatist, Indologist, historian and political theorist and commentator – all rolled into one. He was also a polyglot and widely travelled.
Prof. Kosambi is, however, best known as the pioneering, and arguably the most eminent, Marxist to apply Historical Materialism to the analysis of ancient Indian civilisations and societies.
His contributions as a truly ‘independent’ and outstanding Marxist analyst of contemporary India – both pre-Independence and post-Independence, have, however, gone somewhat unnoticed. His role as a prominent peace-activist, long before peace-activism gained any significant currency in India, drawing attention to the uniqueness of nuclear threat to the whole of humanity also deserves far greater attention. Of his numerous publications, the following are the more important ones dealing with his social concerns and engagement with Indian history and contemporary realities:
- Science Society and Peace
- An Introduction to the Study of Indian History
- History and Society: Problems of Interpretations
- The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline
- Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture
- Exasperating Essays: Exercise in the Dialectical Method
- Combined Methods in Indology and Other Writings
Some of his writings are available online at http://www.arvindguptatoys.com.
See also http://www.geocities.com/dialecticalmethod/ee.html.
Written by Sukla Sen
Kotelawala, J.C.T. (1910-1992)
Nickname: Jack
Born Hindagoda (Badulla District, Uva), Ceylon, son of James Kotelawala, the brother of Sir Henry Kotelawala. Educated Uva College,Badulla, and Trinity College, Kandy, and Law College, Colombo. Recruited to Youth League by Terence de Zylva. Participated in Suriya Mal movement in Kandy. Founding member, Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 1935. Joint Secretary and Member of Executive Committee, LSSP, 1935-40. General Secretary, LSSP, 1940-42. Jailed, 1942-45. President, Uva Motor Workers’ Union. Vice President, All-Ceylon Estate Workers Union.. Member of Parliament, 1947-60. Left LSSP, 1969. Appointed Ambassador to USSR, 1969. Chairman, Ceylon Transport Board, 1975-77. Member and later President of the Sri Lanka Mahajana Party, 1984-92. Author: “Amataka Novana Satahan” [Memorable Events], in Samasamaja Jayanthi Kalapaya [Samasamaja Jubilee Issue] (1960).
Compiled by Charles Wesley Ervin
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